Central Processing Unit (CPU)- Computer system notes

Central Processing Unit                           (CPU)

   
    🔳It is the electronic circuitry of a computer that carries out the actual processing and usually referred as the brain of the computer. 


🔳It is commonly called processor also. Physically, a CPU can be placed on one or more microchips called integrated circuits (IC).  

🔳The ICs comprise semiconductor materials. 

🔳The CPU is given instructions and data through programs. 

🔳The CPU then fetches the program and data from the memory and performs arithmetic and logic 

operations as per the given instructions and stores the result back to memory.

🔳While processing, the CPU stores the data as well as instructions in its local memory called registers. 

🔳Registers are part of the CPU chip and they are limited in size and number.

 Different registers are used for storing data, instructions or intermediate results. 

🔳Other than the registers,

the CPU has two main components

 ♦️— Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 

 ♦️and Control Unit (CU). 

🔳ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic operations that need to be done as per the instruction in a program. 

🔳CU controls sequential instruction execution, interprets instructions and guides data flow through the 

computer’s memory, ALU and input or output devices. 

🔳CPU is also popularly known as microprocessor.